IOT imatanthawuza kusonkhanitsa nthawi yeniyeni ya chinthu chilichonse kapena ndondomeko yomwe imayenera kuyang'aniridwa, kulumikizidwa, ndi kuyanjana, komanso phokoso lake, kuwala, kutentha, magetsi, makina, chemistry, biology, malo ndi zina zofunikira kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. kupeza maukonde kudzera m'zida zosiyanasiyana ndi matekinoloje monga masensa achidziwitso, ukadaulo wozindikiritsa ma radio pafupipafupi, makina oyika padziko lonse lapansi, masensa a infrared, ma scanner a laser, ndi zina zambiri. Kuzindikira kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa zinthu ndi zinthu, komanso pakati pa zinthu ndi anthu, ndikuzindikira kuzindikira , kuzindikira ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu ndi ndondomeko.Intaneti ya Zinthu ndi chonyamulira zidziwitso kutengera intaneti, netiweki yachikhalidwe yamatelefoni, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zinthu zonse wamba zomwe zitha kulumikizidwa paokha kuti zipange netiweki yolumikizidwa.
Chiyambi cha njira zoyankhulirana pa intaneti ya Zinthu padziko lapansi
Tekinoloje yolumikizirana pa intaneti ya Zinthu imatha kugawidwa kukhala mtunda waufupi komanso mtunda wautali malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma siginecha.Ukadaulo wopatsira mtunda waufupi malinga ndi ukadaulo waukulu ukuphatikiza Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Thread, Bluetooth™, Wi-SUN, ndi zina zambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zam'manja zomwe zilipo monga mafoni am'manja, mapiritsi ndi zida zovala, kapena nyumba yanzeru, fakitale yanzeru ndi kuyatsa kwanzeru ndi magawo ena.M'mbuyomu, njira zamakono zoyankhulirana zakutali zinali makamaka 2G, 3G, 4G ndi njira zina zamakono zoyankhulirana zam'manja.Komabe, chifukwa cha zofunikira zosiyana zopatsirana za intaneti ya Zinthu (iot), monga bandwidth yayikulu ndi kuchedwa kochepa, mapulogalamu ambiri a iot ali ndi zofunikira za paketi yaing'ono ya data ndi kulekerera kwakukulu, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amafunika kuphimba zambiri kapena zakuya. m'nthaka ndi madera ena otetezedwa kwambiri.Pazogwiritsa ntchito pamwambapa, ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi mtunda wautali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito Mphamvu Zotsika wapangidwa, womwe umadziwika kuti Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), ndipo NB-IoT ndiye ukadaulo waukulu wolumikizana ndi ma sipekitiramu pamalayisensi ogwiritsa ntchito.Zotsatirazi ndi chithunzi chosavuta cha zomangamanga za intaneti ya Zinthu.
Tekinoloje Yachidule Yolumikizirana opanda zingwe: Makilomita Omaliza a intaneti ya Zinthu padziko lapansi
Ngati chisankho chapangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe aukadaulo wolumikizirana opanda zingwe wautali, kulumikizana kwakutali ndi ma microcontroller ambiri kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa chipangizocho, makamaka ndi masensa kuti asonkhanitse deta.
WIFI: LAN yopanda zingwe yozikidwa pa IEEE 802.11 muyezo, imatha kuwonedwa ngati mtunda waufupi wopanda zingwe wa LAN wamawaya.Zomwe muyenera kukhazikitsa WIFI ndi AP yopanda zingwe kapena rauta yopanda zingwe, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika.
Zigbee:zimachokera ku IEEE802.15.4 muyezo wa liwiro lotsika, mtunda waufupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, njira ziwiri zopanda zingwe zolumikizirana ndi ukadaulo wa LAN kulumikizana protocol, womwe umadziwikanso kuti protocol yofiirira ya njuchi.Zomwe Zilipo: Kufupikitsa, zovuta zochepa, kudzipanga nokha (kudzipangira nokha, kudzikonza nokha, kudziyendetsa nokha), kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kutsika kwa deta.Ma protocol a ZigBee amagawidwa kukhala wosanjikiza (PHY), media access Control layer (MAC), transport layer (TL), network layer (NWK), ndi application layer (APL) kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba.Zosanjikiza zakuthupi ndi zowongolera zofikira pa media zimagwirizana ndi muyezo wa IEEE 802.15.4.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa Sensor and Control application.Itha kugwira ntchito m'magulu atatu afupipafupi a 2.4GHz(otchuka padziko lonse lapansi), 868MHz(otchuka ku Europe) ndi 915MHz (otchuka ku America), okhala ndi milingo yayikulu kwambiri yotumizira 250kbit/s, 20kbit/s ndi 40kbit/s, motsatana.Single mfundo kufala mtunda mu osiyanasiyana 10-75m, ZigBee ndi opanda zingwe deta kufala maukonde nsanja wapangidwa ndi zigawo 65535 opanda zingwe deta kufala, mu lonse maukonde osiyanasiyana, aliyense ZigBee maukonde deta kufala gawo angathe kulankhulana wina ndi mzake, kuchokera mtunda wokhazikika wa 75m pakukulitsa kopanda malire.Ma Node a ZigBee ndi amphamvu kwambiri, okhala ndi mabatire omwe amakhala kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri mpaka zaka 10 akugona,
Z-Wave: Ndi ukadaulo waufupi wopanda zingwe wozikidwa pa RF, mtengo wotsika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, kudalirika kwakukulu komanso koyenera pamaneti, motsogozedwa ndi Zensys, kampani yaku Danish.Gulu la ma frequency ogwirira ntchito ndi 908.42MHz(USA) ~ 868.42MHz(Europe), ndi FSK(BFSK/GFSK) modulation mode amatengera.Mtengo wotumizira deta ndi 9.6 kb mpaka 40kb / s, ndipo njira yowonetsera bwino ya chizindikirocho ndi 30m mkati ndi kunja kwa 100m, yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mabandi opapatiza.Z-Wave imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosinthika wamayendedwe.Netiweki iliyonse ya Z-Wave ili ndi adilesi yakeyake (HomeID).Adilesi (NodeID) ya node iliyonse pa intaneti imaperekedwa ndi Controller.Maukonde aliwonse amatha kukhala ndi ma node a 232 (Akapolo), kuphatikiza ma node owongolera.Zensys imapereka Laibulale Yolumikizidwa Mwachangu (DLL) yachitukuko cha Windows komanso opanga ma API omwe ali mkati mwake kuti apange mapulogalamu a PC.Maukonde opanda zingwe opangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa Z-Wave sangangozindikira kuwongolera kwakutali kwa zida zapakhomo kudzera pazida zamtaneti, komanso kuwongolera zida zomwe zili pa intaneti ya Z-Wave kudzera pa intaneti.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-02-2023
